• 介紹：

  D-arabinose 是一種內(nèi)源性代謝產(chǎn)物。

• 熔點： 152-160°C

• 沸點： 333.2°C at 760 mmHg

• 比旋光度： -104 ° (C=10, H2O)

• 外觀： 白色結(jié)晶

• 溶解性： DMSO  :  100  mg/mL  (666.09  mM;  Need  ultrasonic)

• 儲存條件： 2-8℃

• 注意：部分產(chǎn)品我司僅能提供部分信息，我司不保證所提供信息的權(quán)威性，僅供客戶參考交流研究之用。

• 101. [IF=8.2] Haoying Chen et al."Skin healthcare protection with antioxidant and anti-melanogenesis activity of polysaccharide purification from Bletilla striata."INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES".2024 Mar;262:130016

• 100. [IF=11.2] Xiaobao Gong et al."Structural elucidation and anti-psoriasis activity of a novel polysaccharide from Saussurea Costus."CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS".2024 Jun;333:121963

• 99. [IF=5.6] Li Yiping et al."Characterization and anti-aging activities of polysaccharide from Rana dybowskii Guenther."Frontiers in Pharmacology".2024 Mar;15:

• 98. [IF=2.8] Chen Xiaofeng et al."Metabolomics-based study of chemical compositions in cellulase additives derived from a tobacco-origin Bacillus subtilis and their impact on tobacco sensory attributes."ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY".2024 Apr;206(4):1-17

• 97. [IF=8.2] Ya Zhao et al."A novel pectin polysaccharide from vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri absorbed by microfold cells in the form of nanoparticles."INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES".2024 May;266:131096

• 96. [IF=5.2] Juncheng Liu et al."Comparison of the in-vitro effect of five prebiotics with different structure on gut microbiome and metabolome."Food Bioscience".2024 Feb;:103810

• 95. [IF=10.7] Fangjian Luo et al."Ultrasound modification of pectin and the mechanism of its interaction with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside."FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS".2024 Jul;152:109898

• 94. [IF=6.1] Bo Jie Chen et al."Amylase-assisted extraction alters nutritional and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides and saponins isolated from Ganoderma spp."Food Chemistry-X.10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100913

• 93. [IF=1.8] Yue Wang et al."Structure of crude polysaccharides from Atractylodes lancea rhizome and treatment of diarrhea owing to spleen deficiency through intestinal flora."BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY.2024 Jan;:e5818

• 92. [IF=5.2] Bozheng Li et al."Construction, characterization, and in vitro hypolipidemic activity of Auricularia auricula-judae soluble dietary fiber-phenol complexes."Food Bioscience.2024 Jan;:103657

• 91. [IF=8.2] Xiaoyi Du et al."Identification and structural characterization of key prebiotic fraction of soluble dietary fiber from grapefruit peel sponge layer and its regulation effect on gut microbiota."INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES.2024 Feb;25

• 90. [IF=2.6] Qingqing Li et al."Structure Elucidation and Immunoactivity Study of Armillaria mellea Fruiting Body Polysaccharides."Separations.2024 Jan;11(1):3

• 89. [IF=8.2] Meiling Fu et al."Optimization and characterization of pectin extracted from hawthorn by deep eutectic solvent."INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES.2023 Dec;:128688

• 88. [IF=3.3] Feng-Xiang Tan et al."Physicochemical properties and biological activities of litchi glycans with different molecular weights."INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.2023 Oct;:

• 87. [IF=8.2] Lanyuan Liang et al."Anti-aging activities of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. crude polysaccharide in Caenorhabditis elegans based on gut microbiota and metabonomic analysis."INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES.2023 Dec;253:127647

• 86. [IF=3.1] Liu Yana et al."Chemical characteristics and anti-Escherichia coli mechanism of water-soluble extracts from yeast cell walls."Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences.10.1186/s43088-023-00418-0

• 85. [IF=8.8] Zuoyi Zhu et al."Structural characteristics, functional properties, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of pectins from feijoa (Acca sellowiana) peel."FOOD CHEMISTRY.2023 Dec;428:136819

• 84. [IF=4.6] Yue LIU et al."Dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum ameliorate liver fibrosis via agonizing PP2Cα and inhibiting deposition of extracellular matrix."Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines.2023 Aug;21:599

• 83. [6.317] Xingyu Lu et al."In vitro effects of two polysaccharide fractions from Laminaria japonica on gut microbiota and metabolome."Food & Function.2023 Apr;14(7):3379-3390

• 82. [3.231] Yin, Chaomin et al."The physicochemical, antioxidant, hypoglycemic and prebiotic properties of γ-irradiated polysaccharides extracted from Lentinula edodes."FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY.2023 Jan;:1-10

• 81. [6.449] Zihang Cao et al."Extraction condition optimization and prebiotic potential of dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.) polysaccharides."INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS.2023 Apr;194:116318

• 80. [3.612] Xiaohong Yu et al."Study on antioxidant activity of wheat bran extract microcapsules in vitro and in vivo."INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.2022 Dec;:

• 79. [3.024] Hengqiang Zhao et al."Comparison of Lycium barbarum fruits polysaccharide from different regions of China by acidic hydrolysate fingerprinting-based HILIC-ELSD-ESI-TOF-MS combined with chemometrics analysis."PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS.2022 Nov;:

• 78. [5.561] Jiayan Xie et al."Physicochemical Characteristics of Soluble Dietary Fiber Obtained from Grapefruit Peel Insoluble Dietary Fiber and Its Effects on Blueberry Jam."Foods.2022 Jan;11(22):3735

• 77. [7.425] Yaowen Tan et al."In vitro simulated digestion of and microbial characteristics in colonic fermentation of polysaccharides from four varieties of Tibetan tea."FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL.2023 Jan;163:112255

• 76. [8.025] Chaomin Yin et al."Gastrointestinal digestion, probiotic fermentation behaviors and immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides from Sanghuangporus vaninii."INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES.2022 Nov;:

• 75. [3.889] Xuelian Zhang et al."Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides ameliorate lipopolysaccharide-induced acute pneumonia via inhibiting NRP1-mediated?inflammation."PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY.

• 74. [IF=6.056] Hong Song et al."Structural properties and bioactivities of pectic polysaccharides isolated from soybean hulls."LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.2022 Dec;170:114079

• 73. [IF=6.269] Zexin Lin et al."Improving emulsification properties of alkaline protein extract from green tea residue by enzymatic methods."Current Research in Food Science.2022 Jan;5:1235

• 72. [IF=6.652] Yiming Xu et al."Dynamic changes of non-volatile compounds and evaluation on umami during infrared assisted spouted bed drying of shiitake mushrooms."FOOD CONTROL.2022 Dec;142:109245

• 71. [IF=4.927] Pingfan Zhou et al."A Comparison Study on Polysaccharides Extracted from Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. Using Different Methods: Structural Characterization and Anti-SGC-7901 Effect of Combination with Apatinib."MOLECULES.2022 Jan;27(15):4727

• 70. [IF=5.561] Yang Zheng et al."Effect of Bergamot and Laoxianghuang Polysaccharides on Gut Microbiota Derived from Patients with Hyperlipidemia: An Integrative Analysis of Microbiome and Metabolome during In Vitro Fermentation."Foods.2022 Jan;11(14):2039

• 69. [IF=5.561] Wen Zhang et al."Structural Characterization and Hypoglycemic Activity of a Novel Pumpkin Peel Polysaccharide-Chromium(III) Complex."Foods.2022 Jan;11(13):1821

• 68. [IF=5.561] Peichun Lin et al."Nutritional and Chemical Composition of Sargassum zhangii and the Physical and Chemical Characterization, Binding Bile Acid, and Cholesterol-Lowering Activity in HepG2 Cells of Its Fucoidans."Foods.2022 Jan;11(12):1771

• 67. [IF=8.025] Haizhu Zhou et al."Comfrey polysaccharides modulate the gut microbiota and its metabolites SCFAs and affect the production performance of laying hens."INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES.2022 Aug;215:45

• 66. [IF=3.693] Tongwei Guan et al."Comparison of structural and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide extracted from truffles."JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE

• 65. [IF=2.505] Feifeng Wang et al."Structure characterization and bioactivity of neutral polysaccharides from different sources of Polygonatum Mill."BIOPOLYMERS

• 64. [IF=4.451] Lan Yang et al."Prebiotic properties of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides with special enrichment of Bacteroides ovatus and B. uniformis in vitro."Journal of Functional Foods. 2022 May;92:105069

• 63. [IF=2.858] Chaomin Yin et al."Comparative analysis of physicochemical characteristics and in vitro biological activities of polysaccharides from γ-irradiated and nonirradiated Schizophyllum commune."RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY. 2022 Aug;197:110177

• 62. [IF=5.165] Xiaoshuang Wang et al."Size, surface charge and flexibility of vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri polysaccharide affecting the immune response."Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2022 Aug;15:104008

• 61. [IF=5.811] He Zhang et al."Prevention Effect of Protopanaxadiol-Type Saponins Saponins and Protopanaxatriol-Type Saponins on Myelosuppression Mice Induced by Cyclophosphamide.."Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022 Apr;13:845034-845034

• 60. [IF=3.167] Yuwei Liu et al."Structural characterization and immunomodulatory effects of extracellular polysaccharide from Lactobacillus paracasei VL8 obtained by gradient ethanol precipitation."JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE. 2022 Apr 12

• 59. [IF=9.147] Ningxian Yang et al."Structure, physicochemical characterisation and properties of pectic polysaccharide from Premma puberula pamp.."Food Hydrocolloid. 2022 Feb;:107550

• 58. [IF=7.514] Lulu Yuan et al."Preparation, structural characterization and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides and purified fractions from blackened jujube by an activity-oriented approach."Food Chem. 2022 Aug;385:132637

• 57. [IF=3.24] Jun Mu et al.Ubiquitous flocculation activity and flocculation production basis of the conglutination mud from Ruditapes philippinarum along the coast of China.Plos One. 2021 Nov;16(11):e0256013

• 56. [IF=2.19] Qingsong Zheng et al."Effects of different extraction methods on the structure, antioxidant activity, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Potentilla discolor Bunge."J Food Process Pres. 2021 Oct;45(10):e15826

• 55. [IF=2.629] Dai Yu-Lin et al."Low Molecular Weight Oligosaccharide from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer against UV-Mediated Apoptosis and Inhibits Tyrosinase Activity In Vitro and In Vivo."Evid-Based Compl Alt. 2021;2021:8879836

• 54. [IF=3.24] Jun Mu et al."Microbial origin of bioflocculation components within a promising natural bioflocculant resource of Ruditapes philippinarum conglutination mud from an aquaculture farm in Zhoushan, China."Plos One. 2019 Jun;14(6):e0217679

• 53. [IF=3.645] Jiayi Hu et al."Determination and analysis of monosaccharides in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharides from different areas by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole trap tandem mass spectrometry."J Sep Sci. 2021 Sep;44(18):3506-3515

• 52. [IF=4.192] Dongwen Hu et al."Polysaccharide from Mulberry Fruit (Morus alba L.) Protects against Palmitic-Acid-Induced Hepatocyte Lipotoxicity by Activating the Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway."J Agr Food Chem. 2020;68(46):13016–13024

• 51. [IF=4.411] Erna Li et al."Purification, Characterization, Prebiotic Preparations and Antioxidant Activity of Oligosaccharides from Mulberries."Molecules. 2019 Jan;24(12):2329

• 50. [IF=4.784] Qiping Zhan et al."Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a novel acid polysaccharide isolated from the pulp of Rosa laevigata Michx fruit."Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Feb;145:1080

• 49. [IF=5.275] Qiting Pan et al."Extraction, structural characterization, and antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of a polysaccharide from Notarchus leachii freeri eggs."Bioorg Chem. 2021 Nov;116:105275

• 48. [IF=6.953] Danping Xu et al."Extraction, purification and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from cold pressed oil cake of ‘Tengjiao’ seed."Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Nov;163:508

• 47. [IF=6.953] Yan Zhou et al."Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activities of two polysaccharides from Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata."Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Sep;186:385

• 46. [IF=6.953] Zheya Chen et al."Characterization of physicochemical and biological properties of Schizophyllum commune polysaccharide extracted with different methods."Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Aug;156:1425

• 45. [IF=6.953] Bingwu Liao et al."A novel Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide: Structural characterization and prevention of H2O2-induced oxidative damage in GES-1 cells."Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Jul;154:1460

• 44. [IF=6.953] Zhou Dong et al."Purification and comparative study of bioactivities of a natural selenized polysaccharide from Ganoderma Lucidum mycelia."Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Nov;190:101

• 43. [IF=7.514] Jing Ma et al."The inhibition of pectin oligosaccharides on degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells from apple pectin with high hydrostatic pressure assisted enzyme treatment."Food Chem. 2022 Mar;371:131097

• 42. [IF=9.381] Ya Zhao et al."Polysaccharide from vinegar baked radix bupleuri as efficient solubilizer for water-insoluble drugs of Chinese medicine."Carbohyd Polym. 2020 Feb;229:115473

• 41. [IF=9.381] Zhen Lin et al."Effects of a sulfated glycosaminoglycan from Sepia esculenta ink on transcriptional and metabolic profiles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae."Carbohyd Polym. 2022 Jan;276:118715

• 40. [IF=5.645] Ailian Zhang et al."Polysaccharide and crocin contents, and antioxidant activity of saffron from different origins."Ind Crop Prod. 2019 Jul;133:111

• 39. [IF=6.953] Ting Hu et al."Structure, molecular conformation, and immunomodulatory activity of four polysaccharide fractions from Lignosus rhinocerotis sclerotia."Int J Biol Macromol. 2017 Jan;94:423

• 38. [IF=6.953] Kaiying Jia et al."Characterization of novel exopolysaccharide of Enterococcus faecium WEFA23 from infant and demonstration of its in vitro biological properties."Int J Biol Macromol. 2019 May;128:710

• 37. [IF=7.514] Ting Hu et al."A hyperbranched β-d-glucan with compact coil conformation from Lignosus rhinocerotis sclerotia."Food Chem. 2017 Jun;225:267

• 36. [IF=9.381] Xinxin Liu et al."Purification of an acidic polysaccharide from Suaeda salsa plant and its anti-tumor activity by activating mitochondrial pathway in MCF-7 cells."Carbohyd Polym. 2019 Jul;215:99

• 35. [IF=9.381] Jun Mu et al."Revealing a novel natural bioflocculant resource from Ruditapes philippinarum: Effective polysaccharides and synergistic flocculation."Carbohyd Polym. 2018 Apr;186:17

• 34. [IF=9.381] Ting Hu et al."A comb-like branched β-d-glucan produced by a Cordyceps sinensis fungus and its protective effect against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice."Carbohyd Polym. 2016 May;142:259

• 33. Xu, Danping, et al. "Extraction, purification and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from cold pressed oil cake of ‘Tengjiao’seed." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 163 (2020): 508-518.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.207

• 32. Xu, Yourui, et al. "Isolation, characterization and bioactivities of the polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis (L.) Juss."?International journal of biological macromolecules?101 (2017): 603-611.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.112

• 31. 李怡欣,張盟雨,王頌,王靜,張應(yīng)中,謝桂軍,李興偉.高效液相色譜法測定油茶餅粕多糖組成[J].中國油脂,2020,45(12):126-131+136.

• 30. 晨業(yè),包曉瑋,王娟,何夢夢,曾蘭君,張亞濤.沙棘多糖分離純化及抗氧化活性[J].食品科學(xué),2021,42(04):227-232.

• 29. 亭亭. 黃芪發(fā)酵多糖提取物組份鑒定及其對豬流行性腹瀉的免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用[D].山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué),2020.

• 28. 劉鑫燁,李蘊澍,馬琦,吳子健,徐懷德,李梅.不同干燥方式對杏鮑菇滋味成分的影響研究[J].食品研究與開發(fā),2020,41(16):8-13.

• 27. 宋琳琳,薛淑娟,王利麗,張飛,陳隨清.不同儲藏年限地黃化學(xué)成分分析[J].中成藥,2020,42(10):2661-2669.

• 26. 馮峰,楊淑玲,張奇,吳巖斌.霸王花不同部位粗多糖的結(jié)構(gòu)組成及體外抗氧化活性[J].中國現(xiàn)代應(yīng)用藥學(xué),2021,38(02):189-195.

• 25. 王珊珊,孫敏,王永霞,李惟棟,韓春超.雞腿蘑胞外多糖的形貌結(jié)構(gòu)及分子量動態(tài)變化與抗氧化的相關(guān)性研究[J].生物技術(shù)通報,2021,37(02):129-137.

• 24. 白利琴,楊新,李沖,李研東,肖妙,郝建雄,趙丹丹,劉璐,李晟霖,韓雪.雪燕營養(yǎng)成分分析及抗氧化活性評價[J].食品研究與開發(fā),2021,42(02):18-25.

• 23. 張亞麗, 高簡, 苗祥貞,等. 黃連多糖中單糖組成的HPLC-MSn法快速識別[J]. 世界中醫(yī)藥, 2017(11):244-247.

• 22. 張,周尚儒,燕玉奎,郭玫.紅芪多糖HG-2含量及聯(lián)合透明質(zhì)酸水凝膠的參數(shù)測定[J].解放軍藥學(xué)學(xué)報,2018,34(06):487-490.

• 21. 梁宇庭, 周駿輝, 南鐵貴,等. 柱前衍生化UPLC-MS/MS測定12種單糖含量的方法學(xué)研究及其應(yīng)用[J]. 中國中藥雜志, 2018, 43(22):111-115.

• 20. 劉瑤, 王新然, 趙悅,等. 蕎麥皮多糖組成及其抗氧化特性分析[J]. 食品與發(fā)酵工業(yè), 2019(13).

• 19. 王曉琴, 冀曉龍, 彭強,等. 木棗多糖ZJP2的初步結(jié)構(gòu)特征及抗氧化活性研究[J]. 現(xiàn)代食品科技, 2016, v.32;No.200(04):100-105.

• 18. 韓苗苗,姚娟,易陽,黃菲,王麗梅.龍眼果肉干燥過程中多糖的理化特征與活性變化規(guī)律[J].食品科學(xué),2017,38(21):67-73.

• 17. 嚴薇,鄧麗莎,王燕,劉強,劉兵,陶婷婷,劉玨,丁超.基于紅外輻射處理的米糠多糖組分、提取率及抗氧化活性的影響[J].食品科學(xué),2020,41(15):158-163.

• 16. 王詩琪,黃曉蕓,易陽,黃菲,王麗梅,王宏勛.不同方式干制龍眼果肉的粗多糖理化及生化特性比較[J].食品科學(xué),2020,41(13):69-75.

• 15. 史晨杉,孫桂清,武瑞霞,龔正斯,王向紅. 龍須菜非瓊膠多糖初級結(jié)構(gòu)及細胞免疫調(diào)節(jié)活性的研究[J]. 現(xiàn)代食品科技(7期):12-17.

• 14. 張燦, 孫夢洋, 胡凱,等. 黑白兩種糯米米糠可溶性膳食纖維的特性及對淀粉體外消化吸收的影響[J]. 華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報, 2017(5).

• 13. 何連軍, 干雅平, 呂偉德,等. 高效陰離子交換色譜-脈沖安培檢測法測定多花黃精多糖的單糖組成[J]. 中草藥, 2017, 048(008):1671-1676.

• 12. 李婭, 劉京晶, 張新鳳,等. 鐵皮石斛非淀粉多糖含量測定方法的研究[J]. 中國中藥雜志 2019年44卷15期, 3221-3225頁, MEDLINE ISTIC PKU CSCD CA BP, 2019.

• 11. 張四杰, 錢正, 劉京晶,等. 鐵皮石斛花多糖相對分子質(zhì)量及其單糖組成的研究[J]. 中國中藥雜志, 2017, 42(020):3919-3925.

• 10. 徐雪峰, 李桂娟, 閆浩,等. 赤靈芝多糖分離純化及體外抗氧化性研究[J]. 食品與機械, 2017, 33(001):143-147.

• 9. 羅敏, 陳德經(jīng), 季曉輝. 米胚多糖的組成及抗氧化性研究[J]. 天然產(chǎn)物研究與開發(fā), 2018, v.30(06):13-19+25.

• 8. 秦復(fù)霞. 火龍果多糖提取純化及單糖組成檢測[J]. 南方農(nóng)業(yè), 2016, 10(15):152-153.

• 7. 田有秋, 賈金霞, 束旭,等. 淡紅側(cè)耳子實體多糖的分離純化及結(jié)構(gòu)探析[J]. 食品與發(fā)酵工業(yè), 2018, v.44;No.372(12):70-76.

• 6. 金友權(quán), 張四杰, 錢正,等. 木槿花多糖的組成分析及抗氧化活性研究[J]. 中國中藥雜志, 2019(9).

• 5. 薛淑娟, 陳隨清. 基于代謝組學(xué)分析不同蒸制次數(shù)熟地黃中糖類成分的變化規(guī)律[J]. 中國實驗方劑學(xué)雜志, 2018, 024(022):1-5.

• 4. 牛放 高俊明 段雪薇 等. 響應(yīng)面法優(yōu)化野菊花多糖的水解工藝[J]. 食品工業(yè)科技 2019 040(001):156-161.

• 3. 李利紅 李凱 李向輝 等. 刺五加多糖的提取工藝研究[J]. 飼料研究 2019 v.42;No.493(06):119-122.

• 2. 麗萍 張志紅 吳素蕊 等. 人工培養(yǎng)冬蟲夏草胞外多糖的分離純化及組成分析[J]. 食品工業(yè)科技 2016 37(010):127-131.

• 1. 郭愛玲 寧慧娟 秦子芳 等. 不同栽培方式對赤靈芝多糖的影響[J]. 中國食用菌 2018 037(003):47-51.

輸入產(chǎn)品批號：

本計算器可幫助您計算出特定溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量、溶液濃度和體積之間的關(guān)系，公式為：

質(zhì)量 (mg) = 濃度 (mM) x 體積 (mL) x 分子摩爾量 (g/mol)

• pg ng μg mg g kg =
  fM pM nM μM mM M *
  nL μL mL L *